4611 

5 
5y 1 



a Iban&booft of Princeton. 

Seequicentennial Celebration. 

©ctober, 1896. 



estate of s.p.Langiey, 



's^uM%%f 



MAY 7 7 





9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13, 
14. 
15, 



16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 

41, 
42. 
43. 
44, 



Nassau Hall, 

Dean's House, 

College Offices, 

East College, 

West College, 

Clio Hall, (rebuilding, 

Whig Hall, 

Old Chapel, 

Prospect, 

Halsted Observatory, 

Gymnasium, 

Eeunlon Hall, 

Dickinson Hall, 

Library, 

School of Science. 



Erected. 
1756 
1756 

1803 
1833 
1836 
,) 1838 
1838 
1847 
1849 
1869 
1869 
1870 
1870 
1873 
1873 





Ov, / 



A\°Hl^^'rrtLI^D WILLIAM ST 



University Hall, 1876 

"Witherspoon Hall, 1877 
Observatory of Instruction, 187a 

Murray Hall, 1879 

Edwards Hall, 1880 

Marquand Chapel, 1881 

Biological Laboratory, 1887 
Art Museum, 

Magn etic Observatorj' , 1899 

Dynamo Building, 1889 

Albert B. Dod Hall, 1890 

Chemical Laboratory, 1891 

David Brown Hall, 1891 

Alexander Hall, 1892 

Infirmary, 1892 

Brokaw Memorial, 1S92 

First Church, 
liailroad Station, 
Diagnostic Station. 
Teiinia Building. 




SCALE 



Bradley ^ Poatcs Engr's, N. Y, 



COLLEG 




AMPUS 



8 A^vvCtX&'Vv /Uyvw»H<^,AAXH, ■ %^4;>jum<?mMm^- 



A HANDBOOK OF PRINCETON 



PUBLISHED BY THE 



Sesquicentennial Celebration 
Committee 



1896 






^ 



\\ 



Alexander Hall 18 

Art Museum 18 

Athletic Grounds 22 

Battle Field 28 

Big Cannon 12 

Brokaw Memorial 22 

Campus 8 

Cemetery 26 

Charter of College 6 

Chemical Laboratory 16 

Dormitories 23 

Electrical Engineering School 16 

Founding of College 4 

Gymnasium 21 

Halls 13 

Isabella McCosh Infirmary 21 

Library— Chancellor Green 14 

Little Cannon 12 

Marquand Chapel 20 

Morven 26 

Murray H all 20 

Nassau Hall , 10 

Observatories 17 

Presidents of the College 7 

Quaker Meeting House 30 

School of Science 15 

Theological Seminary 24 

Tusculum 31 

Village 3 

Worth's Mill H ; 30 



A Handbook of Princeton. 



THE VILLAGE. 

Settlement. — Princeton was first settled bj" five Quaker fam- 
ilies who came here from Piscataway, Middlesex County, New 
Jersey, in 1696. They bought the land from William Penn, and 
settled first near Stony Brook, spreading northwards from there. 
The settlement was first called Stony Brook, and this name still 
applies to the little village near the old mill, a mile and a half 
from Princeton on the Lawrence road. The name Princeton was 
first applied to that part of the settlement on the higher land, 
in 1724. 

Before the Revolution, the patriotism and ability of Prince- 
ton men made the village prominent and influential in the colony. 
The first provincial congress assembled at Princeton's request, and 
the first legislature under the Constitution adopted by the Congress 
met at Princeton. Princeton members took leading parts in both 
assemblies. 

During the Revolution, the location, as well as the patriot- 
ism and influence of Princeton, made the British forces particu- 
larly anxious to hold it. But Washington's wonderful strategy 
forced them out, and when the American Congress was under 
duress in Philadelphia in 1783, that body moved to Princeton. 
During this year, the closing year of the war, Princeton was the 
national capital. The soil and citizens of New Jersey bore the 
brunt of the war, and of the towns of New Jersey, Princeton 
suffered most, and received the most honor. 

Since the Revolution, the village of Princeton, as such, has 
not been conspicuous, but in its institutions, its influence has con- 
tinued to be felt throughout our country. 



THE FOUNDING OF THE COLLEGE. 

Like all American colleges and universities founded before 
the Revolution, and the great majority of them since that time, 
Princeton College was founded by men of Christian faith in order 
to promote a culture of unmistakably Christian character. There- 
fore, while at no time and in no sense an ecclesiastical college, 
Princeton is and has been committed to Christian ideals. To 
these she has endeavored to be faithful in the past and is unequiv- 
ocally pledged for the future. 

The beginnings of the movement, which culminated in the 
founding of the College, date from the early years of the 
eighteenth century. At that time the population of the middle 
colonies, that is to say. New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, 
was already considerable and was receiving constant accessions by 
immigration from the old world. The various elements which 
composed the population were marked hy strong religious con- 
victions. The Scotch and Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, Quakers, 
members of the Church of England, Dutch Calvinists, French 
Huguenots, and a sprinkling of New England Puritans made up 
practically the whole population. And all of these elements were 
directly or indirectly interested in the establishing of Princeton. 

Scarcely had the earliest settlers cleared the wilderness of 
Eastern Pennsylvania and the " Jerseys," and dotted the clearings 
with their log cabins and churches, when they began to think of 
establishing schools. Scarcely any of these early schools have been 
perpetuated to the present time, and the memory of most of 
them survives only in some old church record or local tradition. 
But one of them had no small fame. It was the so called " Log 
College," which, though not a lineal ancestor, was yet the sig- 
nificant precursor of Princeton. This institution was opened in the 
year 1726 by Rev. William Tennent. 

Mr. Tennent had been a resident, and was probably a native of 
the north of Ireland, where he was ordained a clergyman of the 
established church. Some time after his immigration to this coun- 
try, he became a minister of the Presbyterian church. He was a 
man of liberal education, and reputed to have especial proficiency 
and eloquence in the use of Latin. He was educated probably at 
Trinity College, Dublin. In 1726 he was settled as pastor of the 



little Presbyterian church of Neshaminy, on the Neshaminy Kiver, 
a small and beautiful stream flowing into the Delaware some twenty 
miles above Philadelphia. In the very year of his coming to 
Neshaminy, where he was to spend the rest of his life, he built 
with his own hands, probably with the help of his sons, a small 
house of logs hewn from the forest which fringed the stream. This 
house was soon called in contempt the " Log College." The Eev- 
George Whitfield, the English evangelist, who visited Tennent in 
1739, writes of this school : " It is a log house about twenty foot 
long and near as many broad ; and to me it seemed to resemble the 
school of the old prophets, for their habitations were mean ; and 
that they sought not great things for themselves is plain from those 
passages of Scripture, wherein we are told that each of them took 

him a beam to build them a house All that we can say of 

most of our universities is they are glorious without." 

The Log College existed for twenty years. From the declining 
health of Mr. Tennent and other causes its future usefulness was 
threatened, and with the granting of the first charter to the College 
of New Jersey in 1746, the Log College may be said to have passed 
out of existence. The friends and patrons of the latter now became 
the principal supporters and trustees of the former. Thus it may, 
with truth, be said that the Log College was the germ from which 
proceeded the flourishing College of New Jersey. 

The immediate occasion of the founding of the College of New 
Jersey was the great schism in the Presbyterian Church in America, 
which took place in 1741. As the questions of an unconverted 
ministry and disagreement with reference to candidates were a chief 
cause of the schism, it was natural that each body should make 
vigorous efforts for the education and introduction of unexceptiona- 
ble men into the sacred office. Two motives actuated them in this 
course, the desire to extend the knowledge of the gospel, and the 
less praiseworthy one of party, which induced each to vie with the 
other in efforts to establish and strengthen itself. 

It is highly probable that the treatment David Brainerd 
received at the hands of the officers of Tale College stimulated his 
friends, among whom were the Rev. Jonathan Dickinson and the 
Eev. Aaron Burr, who were strongly attached to him, to erect a 
college of their own ; indeed, it is related that Mr. Burr said : " If 



6 

it had not been for the treatment Mr. Brainerd received at Tale, 
New Jersey College would never have been erected." 

Influenced by such considerations, and incited by such motives, 
the friends of the new college, after much difficulty and opposition, 
obtained a charter from President Hamilton, which, if recorded, 
cannot now be found. All that remains in regard to it is the fol- 
lowing : 

"MEM. OF A CHARTER FOR A COLLEDGE. 

A charter to incorporate sundry persons to fou»<3. a colledge, 
passed the great seal of this Provinjce of New Jersey, attested by 
John Hamilton Esq., President of his Majesty's Council, and Com- 
mander in Chief of the Province of New Jersey, the 2'2d October, 

1746." 

From an advertisement in the Weekly Post-Boy o^ New York, 
for Feb. 10, 1747, we learn that by this charter "equal liberties 
and privileges are secured to everj^ denomination of Christians, any 
different religious sentiments notwithstanding." The names of the 
incorporators are also given in this advertisement. 

The second charter, which in its amended form is still' the 
fundamental law of Princeton, was granted Sept. 14th, 1748, by 
Governor Belcher of the Province of New Jersey. After the 
achievement of American independence, this charter was confirmed 
and renewed by the Legislature of New Jersey. It is expressly 
provided that " those of every religious denomination may have 
free and equal liberty and advantage of education in said college, 
any different sentiments in religion notwithstanding." From that 
time to this, the College, while positively Christian in its culture, 
has likewise been unsectarian and tolerant. 

The College was opened in May, 1747, at Elizabeth town, now 
Elizabeth, under President Dickinson. He died Aug. 7th, 1747, 
and the College was removed to Newark, and entrusted to the care 
of the Rev. Aaron Burr, who had been teaching a classical school 
there. At this time the students found lodgings in private families, 
and the public exercises of the College were held in the court-house. 
It seemed however to be conceded from the first, that the College 
should be located in the central part of New Jersej"^, and New 
Brunswick and Princeton were the places which attracted the 
attention of the trustees and friends of the institution. Governor 



Belcher kept his eye on Princeton as the proper place, even 
before he had granted the new charter. However at a meeting of 
the trustees, May 15th, 1751, it was resolved, 

" That New Brunswick be the place for the building of the 
college provided the inhabitants of the place agree with the 
trustees upon the following terms, viz: that they secure to the 
college a thousand pounds, proc. money, ten acres of land, con- 
tiguous to the College, and two hundred acres of woodland, the 
farthest part of it to be not more than three miles from the town." 
At the same meeting, after the above resolution was adopted, 
an offer was presented, on behalf of Princeton, accepting these 
terms. Negotiations were entered into, and. New Brunswick 
failing to respond, on Jan. 24th, 1753, the trustees voted to fix the 
College at what they called " the promised land at Princetown." 
The corner stone of Nassau Hall was laid in September, 1754. The 
building was completed in the autumn of 1756, and then the 
College was removed from Newark to Princeton. 

Items of interest in the subsequent history of the College will 
be noticed in the following descriptions of the campus and buildings. 
Por more minute details with regard to the history of the 
village, reference should be made to Hageman's History of Prince- 
ton^ and with reference to the college, to President Maclean's 
History of the College of New Jersey, 

The presidents of the College have been as follows : 
Jonathan Dickinson, 1747 
Aaron Burr, 1748—1757 
Jonathan Edwards, 1758 
Samuel Davies, 1759—1761 
Samuel Finley, 1761—1766 
John Witherspoon, 1768—1794 
Samuel Stanhope Smith, 1795—1812 
Ashbel Green, 1812—1822 
James Carnahan, 1823 — 1854 
John Maclean, 1854—1868 
James McCosh, 1868—1888 
Francis Landey Patton, 1888 

The administration of the first five presidents, Dickinson, Burr, 
Edwards, Davies and Finley, accordingly belongs to the colonial 



8 

period. The sixth president, Witherspoon ends the colonial period, 
and carries Princeton through the trying times of the Eevolution, 
and the founding of our national life. The next four presidents, 
Smith, Green, Carnahan and Maclean, carry the history of the 
College down through what may be called the first great period of 
our national history, that is to the close of the civil war. The 
period since the civil war, or contemporary Princeton, is repre- 
sented by the administrations of Presidents McCosh and Patton. 
Princeton is thus identified with the three periods of American 
history — the colonial, the revolutionary and the national. 

THE CAMPUS. 

The College grounds stretch to the southward from Nassau 
Street between University Place and the railroad on one side, and 
"Washington Street on the other, covering an area of about 250 
acres. The College is also spreading east of "Washington Street 
in the Chemical Laboratory, athletic grounds, club houses, etc. 

The buildings are not erected in closed quadrangles, but spaced 
separately in a park. "While architectural symmetry is not the 
rule, there are several buildings of marked dignity. The building 
periods of Princeton are practically ovlj two, the colonial period 
and the contemporary period represented by Presidents McCosh 
and Patton. To the former we owe the quiet dignity of Nassau Hall, 
to the latter, almost a city of buildings which collectively are most 
impressive and in some cases individually beautiful. 

The Front Campus^ strictly speaking, is the square of lawn 
immediately in front of Nassau Hall. To the alumnus, this is the 
favorite spot in Princeton, with its historic elms, almost as old as 
Nassau Hall itself, and its grass, which keeps its greenness in spite of 
the fact that the undergraduate lies upon it every pleasant evening 
in May and June, and walks over it every day in the year. 

Entering the front Campus by the west gate, on the right is 
the Dean^s House. It was erected in the same year as Nassau Hall, 
and served as the Presidents' residence well into Dr. McCosh's 
administration. In front of it are two old sycamores, planted in 
1765 by order of the trustees, and commemorating, according to 
college tradition, the colonial resistance to the Stamp Act. 



Between the Dean's House and Nassau Hall stands the Col- 
lege Offices the survivor of twin buildings erected as lecture 
and recitation halls in 1803. It is divided into the faculty room, 
the treasurer's office, the registrar's office, and serves for the general 
administrative purposes of the college. 

Beyond the College Offices again is Reunion Hall, a dormitoiy 
erected in 1870. 

This brings us to what is called the Boxk Campus, a quadrangle 
enclosed between Nassau Hall, East and West Colleges, (erected in 
1833 and 1836 respectively), and the two marble "Halls." The 
Campus now stretches so much farther back (the distance to the 
Brokaw Athletic Field being more than twice as great as that to 
Nassau Street), that the name Back Campus is becoming obsolete. 
In the center of this quadrangle stands the " Big Cannon," the 
hub of the college world. It is around the Big Cannon that the 
Class Day exercises of graduation week take place. A wooden 
amphitheatre is erected for the accommodation of the audience. 
The " Little Cannon" stands between the two " Halls." 

To the south and west of the two " Halls " is the line of four 
dormitoines, progressing ' en echelon ' from northwest to southeast. 
These are, in order of position as well as in order of erection, 
Witherspoon, Edwards, Dod and Brown. There is one other 
dormitory to be mentioned ; University Hall, on the corner of 
Nassau Street and University Place. All these, except University* 
Hall, are divided into two or more entries, designated according to 
their relative position, such as North East (N. E.), South Middle 
Keunion (S. M. E.), West Witherspoon (W. W.) 

Immediately north of Nassau Hall is the Library, and to 
the east of the Library is Dickinson Hall, built in 1870. The Col- 
lege has outgrown Dickinson Hall of recent years, and class exer- 
cises now not only fill every room in this building, but overflow 
into the School of Science, the Chemical Laboratory, and Nassau 
Hall. 

To the south of Dickinson Hall stands Marquand Chapel and 
Murray Hall, and to the east is the School of Science, with the 
Biological Laboratory and Dynamo Building. Descriptions of all 
these will be found under their respective heads. 



10 

A very pretty part of the campus is the grounds around 
Prospect^ comprising the Potter estate. This property was bought 
for the College in 1879. Since this time, it has been the resi- 
dence of the President of the College. It was built in 1849, and 
commands a splendid view of the country stretching away to the- 
south and east. 

NASSAU HALL. 

Historical. — Nassau Hall is the oldest and most interesting- 
of the College buildings. It was erected in 1756 and was then 
thought to be remarkable on account of its " vast size." The Trus- 
tees wished to name it Belcher Hall, in consideration of Governor 
Belcher's gift of books and other favors. The Governor refused the 
honor, and suggested the name Nassau Hall, in honor of William 
III. Accordingly, the Trustees voted that " the said edifice be^ 
in all time to come, called and known by the name of Nassau 
Hall." 

In the Revolution it suffered much and Washington contribu- 
ted towards its restoration after the battle of Princeton in 1777. 
His portrait, painted shortly thereafter, was hung in a place of 
honor on one of its walls, in the frame which once contained the 
portrait of George II. Here the Continental Congress met when 
driven from Philadelphia in the darkest days of the Revolution, 
and here subsequently both Washington and Lafayette attended 
Commencement. 

The Hall has twice been injured by fire, in 1802 and in 1855. 
In both cases there was heavy loss in private property and libraries. 
But the construction of the walls was so solid as to save them from 
disfigurement. In 1855 the interior was rebuilt and made fireproof. 
It was injured also, in 1814, by the explosion in one of its entries 
of the " Big Cracker." This was made by enclosing about two 
pounds of powder in a log and then, by a train, setting it off. The 
explosion cracked the adjacent walls from top to bottom. This 
was the climax of the great student revolution, and was the 
deliberate attempt of some disaffected students to wreck the build- 
ing. At the opening of the War of the Rebellion, the National Flag, 
when first hoisted over Nassau Hall, gave offence to some of 
the Southern students, and it was pulled down. It was raised again. 



11 



however amid the cheers of the students. The wind at the time 
blew so hard, that the flag bent the rod so that the vane became 
fixed, pointing to the North where it remained until the close of 
the war. 

At the present time, the front and sides of Nassau Hall are 
covered with ivy, the gifts of graduating classes. On its steps in 
the warm spring evenings, the old custom of Senior Singing is still 
kept up, and from its belfry at nine o'clock at night rings the 
curfew, vainly bidding every student put out his light and go to 
bed. 

Descriptive. — Nassau Hall is a T shaped structure with 
the cross piece facing the front Campus, and the upright extending 
back from this in a southerly direction. The central and eastern 
wings are occupied by the E. M. Museum of Geology and Archae- 
ology. The collections in this museum are distributed in the three 
general departments of Geology (including Mineralogy), Paige- 
ontology and Archgeology. Their arrangement is especially adapted 
to the purposes of com]»arative study. The most interesting part to 
the sight-seer is the central hall. Here are mounted casts of the 
gigantic reptiles and mammals of the secondary, tertiary and 
quaternary ages. 

In this hall also is the main Archseological collection, contain- 
ing relics of the Swiss lake dwellings, and numerous implements of 
stone and bronze from Denmark ; also several hundred flint instru- 
ments from most of the classical localities of the palaeolithic and 
neolithic ages of France. 

America is represented by the pottery and human remains of 
the mound builders, by several hundred specimens of Mexican and 
Peruvian pottery, and by a number of recent Indian relics. There 
is also an interesting ethnological collection of objects from Alaska 
and New Mexico. The Esquimaux of Greenland are represented 
by the collection of the Peary Expedition of 1894. 

The upper or east hall, contains the main Palaeontological 
collection. On the platform are the skeletons of a mastodon, an 
Irish deer, a cave bear, and some of the extinct birds of New 
Zealand ; also the skulls of uintatheria and a remarkably complete 
skeleton of cervalces. 



12 



SurrouMding the room is a very complete collection of verte- 
brate and invertebrate fossils from Europe and Ainerica, illustrating 
the principal organic forms of all the geological epochs. Included 
in this series are the fine eocene and miocene fossils, many of which 
are type-specimens, procured in the West by the various Princeton 
collecting parties. Altogether the number of fossils, not counting 
duplicates, is 15,000. 

In a series of cases in the upper gallery of the central hall is a 
large collection of minerals, chiefly crystals, bequeathed to the 
College by the late Archibald MacMartin, of New York. The 
perfection of the specimens makes' this collection one of especial 
value. 

Below the eastern hall are the lecture and working rooms, and 
in the west wing are the Histological and Psychological Labora- 
tories and the Geological Library. 

THE BIG CANNON. 

The old cannon which is now planted in the south campus of 
the College was left in Princeton by the British, when they were 
routed by Washington on the 3d of January, 1777. Washington 
could not take it with him when he left Princeton, because its 
carriage was broken ; and it remained here as a relic of the war 
until the war of 1812, when it was taken to New Brunswick to 
defend that city against an expected assault from the enemy. It 
was, when examined there, found to be an unsafe gun, and it was 
not used, nor returned as it should have been, but left lying on the 
commons of that city until 1836, when a number of the citizens of 
Princeton, in preparing for the celebration of the 4th of Julj-, went 
down v/ith teams to New Brunswick, and brought it from 
the commons and left it at Queenston, where it remained till about 
the year 1838, when a number of students, under the persuasion 
that it belonged to the college, brought it up and planted it in the 
campus. Here it has remained, by general consent, under the 
guardianship of the college. 

THE LITTLE CANNON. 

This gun is supposed to have been captured or left here at 
the battle of Princeton, and was planted by Major Perrine in the 



13 

corner of the pavement at his house on the corner of Nassau and 
Witherspoon streets. Here it remained for many years, until the 
students transplanted it to the back campus. 

A small brass cannon, it was claimed by the students of 
Eutgers college, had been taken from their grounds in 1856. 
Laboring under the delusion that this little iron cannon was the 
one, a party of Rutgers students came by night on the 26th of 
April, 1875, when Princeton College was in vacation, and took the 
little cannon to New Brunswick. The Princetonians were indig- 
nant at this raid of the E.utgers students, and when they returned, 
were highly excited, and threatened to go in force and recapture it. 
President McOosh, however, assured them that the cannon should 
be returned ; and a correspondence took place between the presi- 
dents of the two colleges. Pending these diplomatic negotiations, 
some of the Princeton students made a midnight raid on the 
Rutgers museum, and not finding the cannon, returned with some 
old muskets which the}^ did find. The upshot of the matter was 
that a joint committee of the faculties of the two colleges was 
appointed, which arbitrated the matter to the satisfaction of all. 
And on the 27th of ilay, 1875, cannon and muskets were returned 
to their proper owners. Thus ended the Cannon War. 

THE "HALLS." 

Completing the quadrangle formed on the north side by Nassau 
Hall and on two other sides by East and West Colleges stand 
Whig and Clio Halls, the buildings of the two literary' societies of 
those names. 

These organizations began early in the history of Princeton. 
The Cliosophic Society was founded in 1765, and the American 
Whig in 1769. As early as the time of the Convention for forming 
the Constitution of the United States both Madison's Virginia plan 
and Patterson's New Jersey plan, the two rival plans for the 
formation of a Federal Government, were made by graduates of 
these societies. From that time onward their influence in quali- 
fying men for public life has been marked and valuable. They 
are conducted entirely by undergraduates but include in their 
membership graduates and professors. Their object is the develop- 



14 

ment of skill in writing, speaking and debating, as well as in 
general parliamentary practice. It is an open secret that their 
rules are those of the House of Eepresentatives of the American 
Congress. They are traditional rivals for honors in oratory, debat- 
ing and writing, and grant diplomas to their graduates. 

The invasion of secret societies, which destroyed so many of 
the old American college literary societies elsewhere, has left "Whig 
and Clio Halls uninjured, and they are interesting as being the 
most conspicuous survivors, if not the only survivors, of student 
literary societies prior to the Revolution. The old halls now demol- 
ished, which were erected in 1838, were precisely similar in external 
appearance, both being modelled after an Ionic temple on the 
island of Teos. Two new halls now stand on the old sites. They 
also are a pair of Ionic temples of marble, but more commodious 
than the old buildings and superior in their internal appointments. 
They are open only to members of the respective societies. 

THE CHANCELLOR GREEN LIBRARY. 

Between Nassau Hall and Dickinson Hall, in front of the Old 
Chapel, stands the Chancellor Green Library, a central octagon 
with two wings. It contains a large room with alcoves, a room in 
the west wing used for the meetings of trustees, but at other times 
serving as a general reading room, three small rooms in the east 
wing used chiefly for administrative purposes, and a basement. 
The bulk of the main librar}'- is in the large room, and the remainder 
— about 15,000 of the less used volumes — in the basement. The 
current periodicals are kept on file in the west room. 

The College Library was probably founded with the College, 
but refounded by a gift of books from Governor Belcher in 1755. 
The first catalogue, printed in 1760, shows that it then consisted of 
more than 1200 volumes. It was plundered during the Revolution, 
and it was burnt with Nassau Hall, in 1802. The gifts of many 
liberal friends soon re-established it, and it slowly advanced to 
9,313 volumes in 1854. The want of resources for its increase kept 
it small, until the Elizabeth fund of ^50,000 was created by Mr. 
John C. Green in 1868. When the present library building was 
erected by him in 1872-3, the collection contained about 25,000 
volumes. The library at present contains approximately 100,000 



15 

volumes and 25,000 unbound periodicals and pamphlets. It is 
broadly divided into the Main Library', the Alumni collection, the 
Civil War collection, the Princeton collection or "Archives," the 
Kept Books, and the Periodical collection. It is probably strongest 
in the departments of mathematical, physical and mental science, 
but it is rich also in philology and literature, especially in works 
on the origin and early history of the English language. Generous 
efforts have been made to enrich it with the serial issues of scientific 
societies abroad. 

The libraries of the two " Halls " and the Philadelphian Society 
amount to about 21,000 volumes, and the library of the Theological 
Seminary has 54,000 volumes. The total thus accessible in the 
Princeton libraries to the college students is more than 175,000 
volumes. 

SCHOOL or SCIENCE. 

The John C. Green School of Science stands to the northeast of 
Dickinson Hall at the northeastern end of the Campus. It was 
erected in 1873. It consists of a quadrangle surmounted at one 
■corner with a tall clock tower. It is at present devoted partly to 
class rooms and partly to museums and laboratories. 

On the first floor is the Physical Laboratory, in the east side of 
the building are the rooms devoted to the departments of Civil 
Engineering and Graphics, and on the second floor, is the Botanical 
department and the Herbarium. During the past two years, the 
Herbarium has received gifts of plants from Oregon, Wyoming, 
Hawaii and Greenland. 

On the third floor is the Museum of Biology. The biological 
collections have been chiefly made from the endowment fund of the 
John C. Green School of Science, and are at present especially rich 
in osteological specimens. There have also been many smaller 
donations to the museum from time to time. The collection of 
vertebrates includes a large number of mounted and disarticulated 
skeletons of mammals, reptiles, birds and fishes, and a carefully 
mounted series of the birds of New Jersey and of other districts of 
North America. A feature of the ornithological collection is the 
very large number of unmounted bird skins, arranged for the pur- 
pose of comparative study of the plumage, beak and feet. Among 



16 

the invertebrates are collections of ascidians, echinoderms, molluscs^ 
crustaceans, insects, worms, corals, sponges and microscopic prepa- 
rations of small forms. 

The Fellows in biology have started a local collecJon of 
our fishes, reptiles, and amphibians. 

BUILDINGS OF THE SCHOOL OF ELECTKICAL 
ENGINEERING. 

In 1889, with the founding of the School of Electrical 
Engineering, as an outgrowth of the School of Science, the Dynamo 
Building and the Magnetic Observatory were also erected. The 
dynamo building is connected with the magnetic observatory by 
heavy copper wires, so that the instruments of the observatory are 
available for experimental work with the dynamos. Four sets of 
storage batteries are also connected with the plant. 

The dynamo building stands on the corner of Washington and 
William streets. It is connected with the School of Science build- 
ing. The dynamo plant, at present, consists of a Westinghouse 
alternating current machine with full set of transformers, a Mather, 
an Edison, a Brush arc, an Eickemeyer, a Gramme, a machine 
constructed in the workshop of the School of Science, and Brush 
and Eickemeyer motors. With these machines is a complete 
outfit of accessories, and a large rheostat of German silver used 
in testing the machines and for measurements. Arc and incan- 
descent lights are so arranged that the various systems of distribu- 
tion may be studied. 

The magnetic observatory is a brick building without iron in 
its construction, situated on Washington street, in a position in 
which it is, as far as possible, free from the disturbing influence of 
large masses of iron. The main laboratory is in the basement. On 
the first floor are a reading room and a private laboratory, and on 
the second floor is a large room, which is used for special investi- 
gation. The building is fully equipped with all instruments needed 
either in technical or in exact investigation. 

CHEMICAL LABOEATORY. 

In 1891 the new Chemical Laboratory was erected by a gift 
from the residuary legatees of the estate of Mr. Green. It is a fire- 



17 

proof building standing close to the School of Science and is well 
lighted and ventilated. Its general shape is that of an " L, " the 
main portion of which is 108 feet long by 58 feet wide, with a wing 
47 feet long by 42 feet wide. It has been planned and equipped 
after a careful study of the best laboratories in America and abroad. 

The upper floor is entirely devoted to laboratories for under- 
graduate students, with private rooms for the professor and assist- 
ants, a weighing room, a sulphuretted hydrogen room. Each 
student has a separate desk, provided with water, gas, suction for 
filter pump and sink. 

The second floor contains two lecture rooms, a room for experi- 
mental work in chemical physics, cabinets for specimens, lecture 
apparatus, a mineral cabinet, a laboratory for advanced students and 
the professors' private laboratory. 

The basement contains rooms for experiments in technical 
and organic chemistry, and for gasometric work, besides an assay 
laboratory, work shop, cloak room, janitor's room, store rooms and 
battery room. 

OBSERYATOEIES. 

The Halsted Observatory is the gift of the late General Halsted^ 
of Newark, N. J. The building is of stone, with an iron dome 
thirty-nine feet in diameter. The power for moving it and its slid- 
ing shutter is furnished by an electric motor and storage battery. 
The principal instrument is the great equatorial, of twenty-three 
inches aperture and thirty feet focal length, made by the Clarks. 
It is provided with all the usual accessories, the outfit being rend- 
ered especially complete by the recent gift of a spectroscope of the 
highest power, fitted for both visual and photographic work. The 
building also contains a clock and a chronograph, and is in elec- 
trical connection with the Observatory of Instruction, and also with 
the Observatory of "Washington, D. C. These two Observatories 
constantly work together, — their distance apart, together with their 
electric connection, enabling them to make many observations with 
much greater accuracy than could be obtained by any single obser- 
vatory. 

The Halsted Observatory is appropriated to scientific work, 
chiefly in the department of astronomical physics, while the Obser- 



18 

vatory of Instruction is devoted entirely to the use of students, and 
is fully equipped for its purpose. This latter building is in 
connection with the residence of Professor Young on Prospect 
Avenue. It was erected in 1878. 

ALEXANDER HALL. 

This beautiful building is the gift of Mrs. Charles B 
Alexander. The building has been founded for commence- 
ment exercises, public lectures, and other university gather- 
ings of a general character. As an auditorium it is admirably 
arranged with sloping floor and high gallery, enabling an audience 
of fifteen hundred to be comparatively near the speaker. A marked 
feature of the internal decoration is the polychromatic mosaic and 
marble finish of the rostrum and of the baldachino, which serves as 
the President's chair. The beauty of the interior will be enhanced 
by the mosaic wall pictures behind the rostrum. 

Externally, the building presents a massive appearance, being 
<;onstructed of granite and brown stone in the Romanesque style of 
western France. The front of Alexander Hall toward the south 
exhibits a large rose window beneath a gable roof, and between the 
central structure and two side towers are two fine round-arched 
openings which lead into a wide ambulator}^ encircling the building- 
From this ambulatory the rostrum and auditorium are reached. 
The two side towers and two smaller ones at the rear enclose stair- 
cases, which lead to the auditorium gallery. The building, which 
was designed by William A. Potter, has been decorated with sculp- 
ture under the direction of J. Massey Rhind. Beneath the rose 
window is a seated figure of Learning, on one side of which are 
allegorical figures of Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Poetry, 
Music, and Belles Lettres ; on the other are Oratory, Theology, 
Law, History, Philosophy and Ethics. 

ART MUSEUM. 

In 1888 the construction of the Museum of Historical Art was 
begun and the central portion of the edifice has been completed. 
The plans show also two side wings, for the extension of the col- 
lections, and a rear room, for a lecture hall. 



19 

The basement is occupied by a carefully selected collection of 
<;asts of ancient and medieval sculpture, presented by the class of 
1881 at its decennial reunion. This collection was formed to 
illustrate the history of ancient sculpture in Egypt, Babylon and 
Assyria, Persia, Greece and Rome, and of medieval sculpture in 
Italy, France and Germany. 

In the central story the TrumbuU-Prime collection of pottery 
has been rearranged and new cases have been provided. The pur- 
pose of this collection is to illustrate the history of pottery and 
porcelain. Egypt is represented by sepulchral figurines, beads and 
amulets, Phoenicia by numerous Cypriote vases, Greece, Etruria, 
and Southern Italy by Corinthian aryballoi and fine examples of 
large vases of black-figured and red-figured tj^pes. The Orient is 
further illustrated by specimens from Persia, China, and Japan ; 
South America by Peruvian pottery. The collection is richest in 
examples of European wares, to which England, France, Germany 
and Holland are the chief contributors, but Italy, Russia, Sweden 
and Switzerland are also represented. The collection comprises 
about 20,000 specimens. Besides the Trumbull-Prime collection, 
there are reproductions of Greek and Roman coins and gems, a 
•collection of bronze medals and casts of ivories from the Roman to 
the Gothic period. 

The upper story at present contains the loan exhibition of 
engravings furnished by Mrs. T. Harrison Garrett. The present 
•exhibition is remarkable for early states and choice impressions of 
well-known masterpieces selected for the purpose of giving as com- 
plete an impression as possible of the varied range of artistic quali- 
ties and technical execution in the various processes and by all 
schools from the fifteenth century to the present. One room is 
devoted especially to a fine series of representations of the Holy 
Family ; the most interesting being four plates of Raphael's 
Sistine Madonna. The early German masters and Rembrandt, the 
French school of portraiture from the XVII to the XIX century, 
the mezzotints of the English school, the Italian school of Raphael 
Morghen and the modern etchers are the most prominent groups in 
the exhibition. An important painting by Michele Rocca, known 
also as Parmigiano, has been recently presented to the Museum, as 
also the fine statue of Nydia, by Rogers. 



20 

MARQUAND CHAPEL. 

When the Old Chapel was outgrown, the liberality of Mr. 
Henry G. Marquand of New York gave Princeton, in 1881, this 
beautiful Chapel. It is constructed of a rich brown stone and is in 
the form of a Greek cross. Its interior is attractively decorated 
and enriched with frescoes and stained glass, the interesting series 
of windows being commemorative of Frederick Marquand of the 
class of 1876, and William Earl Dodge, of the class of 1879. 

Memorial tablets are already beginning to appear on its walls. 
The first was that of Joseph Henry, carved in low relief on a varie- 
gated grey marble and set in the east wall. Near by it is the bronze 
tablet of Arnold Guyot, the gift of his Princeton pupils, fastened 
upon a fragment of a Swiss glacial boulder, given by the authorities 
of his native city, Neuchatel. Near the pulpit stands the heroic 
bronze high relief of President McCosh, executed by St. Gaudens 
and presented by the class of J 879. 

In tbis chapel morning prayers are offered every secular day 
and public worship is held every Sunday morning and afternoon. 
Undergraduate attendance is required at Chapel, both at the morn- 
ing prayers and at the Sunday services, unless permission be granted 
for attendance elsewhere. 

MURE AY HALL. 

Murray Hall looks very low, as it nestles among the higher 
buildings and trees near it. But it is considered by many one of the 
most attractive buildings on the campus. It was erected for the use 
of the Philadelphian Society, in 1879, by the bequest of Hamilton 
Murray, of the class of '72, who was lost at sea in the " Ville du 
Havre " in 1873. It consists of two rooms with a hallway between 
them ; an auditorium, which seats about three hundred, and a 
library and reading room which contains over 600 bound volumes 
and about 40 current periodicals, mostly religious. 

On Thursday evenings devotional meetings are held in the 
auditorium conducted by gentlemen, both clerical and lay, invited 
by the students from this and other colleges. On Saturday even- 
ings, prayer meetings are held here, led by the students, and 
monthly business meetings also. On Sunday evenings class prayer 
meetings are held in this and other buildings. 



21 



The Philadelphian Society is the oldest College religious society 
in the country. It was founded in 1825, when it absorbed the 
" Nassau Bible Society," which was founded in 1813, and which 
was the parent of the American Bible Society. The Philadelphian 
Society has always exerted a strong influence for good, extending 
its eflbrts to the town and surrounding country and to other col- 
leges and schools. 

The St. Paul's Society is a similar organization founded in 
1875, intended to be helpful to those students who are accustomed 
to the worship of the Protestant Episcopal Church. It has also 
weekly meetings and ordinarily a series of sermons is delivered 
annually in Trinity Church under its auspices. These two societies 
centralize and energize the undergraduate religious life of Princeton. 

THE ISABELLA McCOSH INFIRMAPvY. 

This building is pleasantly located on Washington Street, 
commanding every advantage of position as to air, outlook and 
drainage. It was planned by Surgeon-General Billings, and contains 
all the modern arrangements of the best hospital construction. Its 
name is peculiarly appropiiate, being that of one who has so long 
endeared herself to the students, by her motherly interest in them. 

It is divided into small wards, and also rooms for separate 
patients. There are conveniences in the way of both stationary 
and portable bath-tubs, and a large sun parlor for those who are 
convalescent ; a pharmacy, an operating room, two kitchens, and 
especial means for isolating any patient suspected of a contagious 
disease. A competent nurse and matron are in charge of the building. 

One of the finest views in Princeton is to be had from the sun- 
room of the Infirmary. 

GYMNASIUM. 

The gymnasium was built in 1869 by Mr. Eobert Bonner and 
Mr. Henry G. Marquand. It contains besides the main hall with 
the apparatus for physical training, hot and cold shower and 
plunge baths, dressing rooms, bowling alleys, and a gallery for 
visitors. The gymnasium is open daily from 10 A. M. to 7 P. M. 
throughout the year. The director is in attendance during these 
hours to examine, advise, and instruct all who may desire his 
services. 



22 

Every entering class is required to devote three hours a week 
in the first term to physical exercise under the supervision of the- 
superintendent of this gymnasium ; and in winter, as a rule, 
general exercises for physical drill are held at noon and at 5 o'clock 
in the afternoon four days in the week. These exercises are gradu- 
ated according to the growth and strength of those who take them 
and are intended to maintain and improve the general health rather 
than to make gymnasts. Those who desire training on any special 
apparatus may secure it under the direction of the superintendent. 
During the latter part of the year advanced exercises are open for 
those who desire them, and at Commencement a gymnastic exhi- 
bition is given. During the year there are four athletic meetings 
for prizes. 

ATHLETIC GROUNDS. 

This field is a spacious one, complete in its appointments and 
less than a quarter mile from the college at the eastern end of 
"William street. There is room on the turfed portion for two games 
simultaneously of either baseball or football. The cinder track is 
about half a mile long, with carefully calculated curves. These 
grounds are the property of the E. M. Museum, having been 
purchased and graded for their present purpose by the donor of 
the Museum foundation. Within the enclosure are a large winter 
practice house, built of brick, with a clear floor space of 60 by 100' 
feet, a club house containing the necessary dressing rooms, and a 
grandstand, the gift of Mrs. J. J. McCook of New York. On the 
field is likewise the Osborn club house, the gift of Professor Henry 
Eairfield Osborn, of the class of '77, in which are the bath rooms^ 
training tables and other equipments for the use of the athletic- 
teams. 

THE BROKAW MEMORIAL. 

The western of the two walks running south from Nassau 
Street, and including between them Nassau Hall and the " Halls," 
terminates in the Brokaw Memorial Gate. Passing through the 
Gate, we look down a flight of stone steps upon the Brokaw Field^ 
which is terraced in two levels. The upper level is to be reserved 
for tennis courts, and on the lower level there are to be two foot- 



23 



ball or baseball fields laid out. The regular university grounds ar& 
largely monopolized by the regular teams and those trying for 
them, and this field is intended for those men who feel the need of 
exercise without aspiring to represent the College abroad. 

The " Gate " is two stories high (when viewed from the field) 
and contains dressing rooms, baths and lockers for several hundred 
men. The low wing on the west contains a swimming tank, fitted 
with spring-board and trapezes. 

This building is the gift of Mr. I. V. Brokaw, of New York,. 
in memory of his son, Frederick Brokaw, who lost his life at El- 
beron, N. J,, in the brave but unsuccessful attempt to save the life 
of a drowning girl. 

The building was erected in 1892. 

THE DORMITORIES. 

The Dormitory system is an important feature of our College 
life. It has its advantages and disadvantages, but, in Princeton, it 
is a necessity. The first dormitory erected was Nassau Hall, in 
1756. This building was at first chapel, library and recitation hall, 
as well as a dormitory, but, as other dormitories were erected, more 
and more of the building has been appropriated to the growing 
needs of the museum and laboratories, until, at present, only four 
rooms, in the west wing, are occupied by students. 

In 1833 East, in 1836 West and in 1870 Reunion halls were- 
erected by the College. The last was built as a memorial of the 
reunion of the two branches of the Presbyterian Church. University 
Hall was built in 1876 as a hotel, its proceeds to be given to the 
College as an endowment for the E. M. Museum. After a few 
years it was turned over to the College as a dormitor}''. Meanwhile 
Witherspoon Hall had been built by the College in 1877 and 
Edwards Hall in 1880. These two dormitories were named after 
two of the famous presidents of the College. 

The two latest dormitories are the gifts of Mrs. Brown of 
Princeton. Albert B. Dod Hall was erected in 1890, and named 
after her brother, a noted Professor of Mathematics in the College. 
David Brown Hall, named after her husband, was built in 1891. 
These two buildings greatly increase the number of pleasant rooms 
upon the Campus which are available for the students. Only about 
one-half of the students, however, can be accommodated in the- 
dormitories. 



24 



THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINAEY. 

Historical. — The Seminary is an ecclesiastical institution en- 
tirely independent of the University. It was founded in 1812, by 
the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, it having been 
determined upon two years before. The Seminary opened with one 
professor, 14 students and no buildings. The first building was 
erected in 1816. Previous to this time the students received 
instruction in the houses of the professors. Dr. Archibald Alex- 
ander, the first professor, was appointed in 1812, Dr. Samuel Miller 
in 1813 and Dr. Charles Hodge in 1820. The faculty now numbers 
eight professors and three instructors. The number of students 
increased rapidly. The graduating class of 1824 numbered 62, and 
since then, the graduating classes have always numbered between 
60 and 80. 

Alexayider Hall was built in 1816 on seven acres of land, 
acquired by gift and purchase from Eichard Stockton. The edifice 
was built of light brown stone and was 150 feet in length, and 60 
feet in width, four stories high. It contained lecture rooms, library, 
oratory, refectory, with rooms for the steward and for 100 students. 
It is now exclusively a dormitory, having been renovated and 
improved by the late John C. Green of New York. When other 
buildings were erected, this original edifice was called the " Old 
Seminary." It was not until 1894 that it was named Alexander 
Hall, in honor of Dr. Archibald Alexander. 

The Chapel is a white brick Grecian building standing between 
the seminary building and the old brick house of Dr. Alexander, 
but receding a little to the east. It was built in 1833 for preaching 
and for public services. It contains memorial tablets to the early 
professors of the Seminary and has been named the Miller Chapel 
in honor of Dr. Samuel Miller. 

The Refectory is a one story stone building with a basement, 
erected in 1847, containing a long dining room and a kitchen and 
rooms for the steward^ besides one or two rooms for students, 
formerly used as a sort of hospital for such students as might be in 
need of it. It stands back in the campus about half way between 
Alexander Hall and Brown Hall, It was built for the purpose of 
securing cheap board for the students, but the majority of the 
students, like the college students, seem to prefer clubs in private 
families or regular family boarding. 



25 



Hodge Hall, named in honor of Dr. Charles Hodge, is an L 
shaped dormitory, situated between Alexander Hall and the 
refectory, but a little to the south. It consists of four stories and a 
basement. It was erected in 1893, and is so arranged that every 
room receives the sunlight during some part of the day. 

Brown Hall is a large light brown stone dormitory about equal 
in size and appearance to Alexander Hall, and is the most remote 
building from Mercer street, of any that stand on the easterly side 
of that street. The corner stone was laid in May, 1864, It bears 
this name in honor of Mrs. George Brown, of Baltimore, by whose 
generosity it was built. 

Stuart Hall, named in honor of its donors, Robert L. Stuart 
and Alexander Stuart, iSTew York, is the lecture hall. It is 
built of stone variegated in color, with massive carved trimmings, 
with a high tower somewhat like that on the college School of 
Science. It fronts north on Alexander Street and south on the 
Seminary grounds. This building appears well from the railroad 
station and the western end of the college grounds. 

Lenox Hall — The Library. — This is a Gothic structure erected 
on a lot of three acres, being the base of the triangle bounded by 
Library Place or Steadman Street, and extending between Mercer 
and Stockton Streets. The building is of stone — the buttresses, 
doorway, pinnacles and other ornamental portions being carved. 
It is considered one of the most correct specimens of Gothic archi- 
tecture in our country. This building is called Lenox Hall, after 
James Lenox, of New York, by whom it was erected in 1843. 

In 1878, Mr. Lenox erected the other Library building close 
to Lenox Hall. In this is placed the main library, leaving in the 
other building the valuable collection of old and rare books, which 
are not often consulted. This new building is constructed of red 
pressed brick, with cut and carved brown stone trimmings, and with 
a high spiral brick tower. 

Professors^ Houses. — There are seven large dwelling houses on 
the Seminary grounds, belonging to the Seminary, for the use of 
professors. All but two of them have been presented by individual 
members of the Board of Trustees. Those two are the brick houses 
at either end of Alexander Hall, which were paid for from the 
Seminary funds. 



26 



MOEYEN. 

The Morven homestead is on Stockton Street, next to 
the Princeton Inn. The name is derived from the poems of 
Ossian, and applies to the whole estate, now but a small fraction of 
what it once was. The old house was built about 1698 by Richard 
Stockton, the first settler. It has been enlarged and added to by 
subsequent occupants. Behind the house are the slaves' quarters, 
now unused, and a horse chestnut tree, which is remarkable as 
being one of the largest of its kind in the world. Bordering the 
street, in front of the Princeton Inn, is a row of Catalpa trees, 
which were planted before the Revolution, and which always bloom 
patriotically on the Pourth of July. 

During the Revolution, Morven suffered the usual treatment 
at the hands of the Hessians. The house was pillaged, the horses 
and stock were driven away, and the estate laid waste. The furni- 
ture was converted into fire-wood, the old wine stored in the cellar 
was drunk up, and the valuable library, with all the papers of the 
signer of the Declaration of Independence, were committed to the 
flames. The house became for some time the headquarters of 
Lord Howe, the British General. The plate and other valuable 
articles belonging to the family, had been packed in three boxes 
and buried in the woods at some distance from the mansion. 
Through treachery, it is said, the place of concealment was discov- 
ered by the soldiers and two of the boxes were disinterred and rifled 
of their rich contents. The remaining one escaped their search and 
was restored to the family. 

Morven has sheltered many famous men. Among its owners 
were Richard Stockton, the Signer, Richard Stockton, LL.D., 
" the Duke," and the Commodore. The Commodore entertained 
many prominent men, such as Daniel Webster and President Mil- 
lard Pilmore. General Washington was an intimate friend of the 
Signer's wife, and was probably her guest more than once. 

THE CEMETERY. 

The Princeton Cemetery is situated on the north corner of 
Witherspoon and Wiggins Streets. It contains about ten acres of 
land. It was described as a burying ground in 1763, in a deed of 
adjoining land from Thomas Leonard to Thomas Wiggins ; and 



27 

there is a tombstone over the grave of Dickinson Shepherd, a stu- 
dent of Nassau Hall, who was buried there in the year 1761. 

Entering the Cemetery by the gate on the corner, on the right 
and left are the monuments of old Princeton families, bearing 
many notable names and interesting inscriptions. IsTot far from the 
entrance, on the south side, is the Stockton lot, enclosed by a high 
hemlock hedge. Adjoining this, on the further side, is the old 
college lot, containing the graves of the college Presidents. Jona- 
than Dickinson, the first president, however, died and was buri«d in 
Elizabeth, before the college was removed to Princeton. 

This lot is the chief object of interest in the Cemetery. The 
presidents are buried under horizontal monuments covered with 
Latin inscriptions. They are arranged in the order of their deaths. 
President Maclean's family, however, are buried in the lower part 
of the lot, next to Wiggins Street, and Dr. McCosh at the head of 
the lot on the east side. At the foot of President Burr's tomb, 
stands an upright slab to the memory of his son, who was buried 
here at his own request. It bears the following simple and signifi- 
cant inscription : " Aaron Burr. Born Feb. 6, 1756. Died Sept. 
14, 1836. A Colonel in the army of the Eevolution. Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States from 1801-5." 

Further to the east, between the two iron carriage gates on 
"Wiggins Street, is the Seminary lot. The fence enclosing it is the 
exact counterpart of that enclosing the College lot. Here are 
buried the Alexanders, who first made Princeton Theological Sem- 
inary famous as the stronghold of Presbyterianism. Dr. Charles 
Hodge and part of his family lie just north of this lot. Other pro- 
fessors of both institutions are buried in family lots in the northern 
part of the Cemetery. 

Northeast of Dr. Hodge's grave are the monuments of Admiral 
Crabbe and his family, including a broken shaft to the memory of 
his son, erected by the class in college of which he was a member 
when he died. 

The adjoining lot on the east is reserved for college students. 
It is filled with tall monuments erected by the classmates of the 
deceased. All but one of the monuments erected by college stu- 
dents bear Greek mottoes, as well as inscriptions in English. 

East of .the Seminary lot, and next to Wiggins Street, is the 



28 

lot reserved for Seminary students. It contains four monuments at 
the eastern end and one at the western end of the lot. This last is 
interesting as being the grave of a professor in a noted Japanese 
university. These monuments were erected by the fellow-students 
of the deceased. 

There is nothing picturesque or interesting in the appearance 
of this overcrowded little country burying ground. Yet there are 
so many noted persons buried here, that it has been called the 
"Westminster Abbey " of America. For here are the graves of 
Colonial Justices of the Supreme Court, members of the Colonial 
Legislature and King's Council, rnembers of the Continental Con- 
gress, members of the Provincial Congress of New Jersey, Signers 
of the Declaration of Independence, commanding officers in the 
United States Army and Navy, Justices of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, members of the United States Senate and House 
of Kepresentatives, a Foreign Minister, a Governor of New Jersey, 
and members of the New Jersey State Legislature. 

THE BATTLE FIELD. 

Washington's withdrawal from the Assanpink to Princeton , 
and his brilliant and decisive victories at Princeton, were probably 
the most telling blow inflicted by him on British generalship during 
the war of the Revolution. Certain it is th'at his wonderful series 
of manoeuvers, against tremendous odds, during the ten days from 
Christmas night, 1776, when he crossed the Delaware and captured 
Trenton, to the 3rd of January, 1777, when he captured Princeton, 
immediately resulted in the security of Philadelphia, the abandon- 
ment of the British cantonments along the Delaware, the evacua- 
tion of Trenton and Princeton by British soldiers, and the almost 
total deliver}^ of the State of New Jersey from the presence of a 
hostile army. Before this, the cause of American freedom had 
been declining, while after it, until the end of the war, it was in 
the ascendant. 

According to General Washington's estimate, the British loss 
in killed, wounded and prisoners was about 500, but (to quote from 
Washington's report to Congress) " this piece of good fortune is 
counterbalanced by the loss of the brave and worthy General 
Mercer, Colonels Hazlet and Potter, Captain Neal of the artillery, 



29 

Captain Fleming, who commanded the first Virginia regiment, and 
four or five other valuable officers, who, with about twenty-five or 
thirty privates, were slain in the field." 

The fall of Col. llazlet, mortally wounded, at the head of his 
men, threw the American forces into momentary confusion, and 
General Mercer's horse being killed by the enemy's fire, he was left 
alone and dismounted on the field. Disdaining to surrender, and 
indignant at the apparent confusion of his men, he encountered, 
singlehanded, a detachment of the enemy, and being beaten to the 
earth by the butts of their muskets, was mortally stabbed by their 
bayonets. After a short time, Major Armstrong, the General's 
Aide, found him lying bleeding and insensible on the field. He 
was removed to a neighboring farm, where he lingered in extreme 
suflfering, ( the house being alternately occupied by British and 
American parties ), until the 12th of January, when, breathing his 
last prayer for his young and helpless family and his bleeding 
country, he expired in the arms of Major George Lewis, a fellow 
citizen of his beloved Virginia, and nephew of Washington. His 
body was taken to Philadelphia after his death, and was buried 
with military honors on the south side of Christ church-yard, 
where a plain marble slab was erected. In 1840 his remains were 
disinterred and deposited at Laurel Hill. 

The battlefield extends from Stony Brook to Nassau Hall. 
For there were three engagements, near the brook, in the ravine 
east of the water tower, and around the First Church and Nassau 
Hall. Mercer street, with its continuation, the Trenton turnpike, 
now passes through the scenes of both the former actions. The 
only monuments of the battle are a white marble stone and a flag 
staflF, naarking the spot where General Mercer fell, and Thomas 
Clark's house in which he died. The former is situated quite near 
the road, on the property now owned by Mr. Lombard. The latter 
is still standing and is now owned and occupied by Mr. Henry E. 
Hale. It is frequently visited by strangers, who are shown the 
blood stains on the floor, bullets and bayonets and other relics of 
the battle. 



30 



WOKTH'S MILL. 

Worth's Mill, at Stony Brook, has derived its name from 
Joseph Worth, one of the five first settlers, and his successors in the 
Worth family, who have held it since his death. 

In February, 1712, Samuel Stockton, second son of Eichard 
Stockton, the first settler, gave a deed to Thomas Potts, a miller 
from Pennsylvania, for a mill-pond and the right to dig a raceway 
therefrom. And in April, 1714, Joseph Worth sold and convej^ed 
six and a quarter acres of land to said Potts, upon which two corn 
water-mills or grist mills, under one roof, and a bolting mill were 
built. In 1715, Potts conveyed one-fourth of the mill to Joseph 
Worth and one-fourth to Joseph Chapman, a carpenter. In Aug., 
1716, Potts appointed Joseph Kirkebride his attorney, to sell his 
remaining one-half, which he did in November, 1716, to Joseph 
Worth. Joseph Chapman bought fifteen acres from Samuel 
Stockton adjoining the mill lot in the same year, and sold it, with 
his one-fourth share in the mill property, to Joseph Worth in Jan- 
uary, 1721. 

The mill descended from father to son, until the line termina- 
ted in Josiah S. Worth, who died without issue. The property is 
now owned by Joseph H. Bruere, the nephew of Josiah S. Worth's 
wife. 

QUAKER MEETING HOUSE. 

The little Quaker Meeting House at Stony Brook, hoary with 
age, seems to be outliving the society which established it. It stands 
like a mute sentinel, guarding the ashes of the dead. 

On June 1, 1709, Benjamin Clarke conveyed by deed nine 
acres and sixty-Lundredths of an acre of land, in the centre of the 
settlement, to Richard Stoci<ton and others, in trust, to build a 
meeting-house on it, and for a burying ground for the Society of 
Friends. This. lot of land, so set apart, still remains occupied for 
the purposes for which it was dedicated by the grantor. In the 
latter part of the summer of 1709 a small frame building was erect- 
ed on said land for a meeting-house, in which meetings for worship 
and business were regularly held until the year 1760, when, being 
small and somewhat out of repair, it was removed or torn down and 



31 



the present stone buildins; was built on its site, for a meeting-house, 
in the summer of that year. 

The earliest and most prominent place of burial prior to the 
Revolutionary War was the one at the Quaker Meeting House at 
Stony Brook. The first settlers and their descendants for many 
generations were buried there. The Clarke, Olden, Hornor and 
Worth families have used no other place than that ; the Stockton 
family continued to use it for upwards of a hundred years. Rich- 
ard Stockton, the Signer of the Declaration, was buried there, and 
there is no monumont to mark his grave. It is a peculiarity of 
the Quakers which forbids the use of tombstones or monuments of 
any kind to distinguish one grave from another, or perpetuate the 
names of the dead. 

TUSCULUM. 

About a mile north of Princeton, on the left branch of the 
Witherspoon street road, stands a stone house, which was built by 
President John Witherspoon, in 1773, and named by him Tusculum. 
It is said that the date, 1773, is cut in the stone of its walls, but no 
one now knows the exact spot. 

The stone barn was built by Commodore Stockton, and the 
now unused spring-house probably by Witherspoon himself. The 
spring is no longer there, its place being taken by the well which is 
close to the spring-house. 

The house is exceedingly well built and well preserved for one 
erected at that time. Its ceilings are high, and its rooms well ar- 
ranged. The doors of the parlors are solid mahogany, brought 
from England. They are remarkably well preserved, considering 
that the house was occupied by the Hessians in 1776, and robbed of 
ever3'thing they thought worth carrying away. The banisters are 
also supposed to be of mahogany, but no one wants to remove the 
paint, which now covers them, to see if it is true. Everything 
about the house seems to indicate that its builder was a man of 
opulence and good judgment. 

In 1789, Washington spent a night here, as Dr. Witherspoon'i 
guest, when he was on his way from Mount Yernon to his inaugur- 
ation in New York, 

Visitors wishing to see Tusculum are requested to call in the 
afbernoon. 



Maf of 
PRINCETON, MX 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

III 



028 333 601 3 



